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Most of the time, frogs live pretty standard lives, sexually speaking. They’re born male or female and breed in a fairly standard manner.
But sometimes they switch sex partway through life. One 1989 paper documents 7 out of 24 female adult reed frogs becoming male, seemingly without any intervention. Mostly this kind of hermaphroditism in frogs is limited to their juvenile stage, when environmental factors can still impact their sexual development, but there seem to be a few wild cases where some frogs undergo a sudden, unexpected change.
Unfortunately, we also know that atrazine, one of the most widely used pesticides in the world, can also force a shift from male to female. It chemically castrates most of the males exposed to the chemical, but one in ten of them doesn't just lose their testosterone production—they effectively become female. They can now mate with male members of their species, though because they're still genetically male they can only produce more male offspring.
Play Bazaar Satta King
A single species of Australian tomato
Solanum plastisexum perplexed researchers for years: it seemed every time they visited out in the Australian Monsoon Tropics, it was a different sex. You can read more here about one plant biologist's quest to identify this tomato plant's sex, but suffice to say this nightshade doesn't limit itself. It switches from female to male to hermaphrodite fluidly (and we applaud it).
Bonus case: butterflies
This one doesn't quite fit the hermaphroditic bent, but some butterflies—and actually, some birds and crustaceans—can occasionally be born half-male, half-female. It seems to happen when an egg has two nuclei, and thus gets double-fertilized. The embryo that grows from that egg can end up as half of each sex, often split bilaterally down the middle.
In species of butterflies and birds, which often have significant visual differences between the sexes, this can look really wild. Gynandromorphic cardinals are half-red, and butterflies can end up with two different patterns on each wing. We don't know much of anything about their behavior or reproduction since they're so rare, but a cardinal found in Illinois in 2008 didn't seem to sing a song or ever have a mate.
Play Bazaar Satta King
But sometimes they switch sex partway through life. One 1989 paper documents 7 out of 24 female adult reed frogs becoming male, seemingly without any intervention. Mostly this kind of hermaphroditism in frogs is limited to their juvenile stage, when environmental factors can still impact their sexual development, but there seem to be a few wild cases where some frogs undergo a sudden, unexpected change.
Unfortunately, we also know that atrazine, one of the most widely used pesticides in the world, can also force a shift from male to female. It chemically castrates most of the males exposed to the chemical, but one in ten of them doesn't just lose their testosterone production—they effectively become female. They can now mate with male members of their species, though because they're still genetically male they can only produce more male offspring.
Play Bazaar Satta King
A single species of Australian tomato
Solanum plastisexum perplexed researchers for years: it seemed every time they visited out in the Australian Monsoon Tropics, it was a different sex. You can read more here about one plant biologist's quest to identify this tomato plant's sex, but suffice to say this nightshade doesn't limit itself. It switches from female to male to hermaphrodite fluidly (and we applaud it).
Bonus case: butterflies
This one doesn't quite fit the hermaphroditic bent, but some butterflies—and actually, some birds and crustaceans—can occasionally be born half-male, half-female. It seems to happen when an egg has two nuclei, and thus gets double-fertilized. The embryo that grows from that egg can end up as half of each sex, often split bilaterally down the middle.
In species of butterflies and birds, which often have significant visual differences between the sexes, this can look really wild. Gynandromorphic cardinals are half-red, and butterflies can end up with two different patterns on each wing. We don't know much of anything about their behavior or reproduction since they're so rare, but a cardinal found in Illinois in 2008 didn't seem to sing a song or ever have a mate.
Play Bazaar Satta King
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